ef529a94-cae5-468f-8d1f-e180d2f3b1d6
Open this run to answer one question: is this real attacker-relevant behavior with real impact, or just normal contract plumbing?
| ID | Type | Status | Attempts | Heartbeat |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30442 | report.consolidate | complete | 1 / 1 | 3 months ago |
| 108813 | artifact.fetch | complete | 1 / 3 | 1 week ago |
| 108814 | tool.cast_disasm | complete | 1 / 3 | 1 week ago |
| 108815 | analysis.bundle | complete | 1 / 3 | 1 week ago |
| 108816 | capability.graph | complete | 1 / 3 | 1 week ago |
| 108817 | detector.run | complete | 1 / 3 | 1 week ago |
| 108818 | validation.fork | complete | 1 / 3 | 1 week ago |
No slither job recorded yet.
[codex:1003697] OpenAI Codex v0.77.0 (research preview)
[codex:1003697] --------
[codex:1003697] workdir: /tmp/codex-multi-sojkxr__
[codex:1003697] model: gpt-5.2-codex
[codex:1003697] provider: openai
[codex:1003697] approval: never
[codex:1003697] sandbox: read-only
[codex:1003697] reasoning effort: xhigh
[codex:1003697] reasoning summaries: auto
[codex:1003697] session id: 019b68ba-5da3-7243-ab3e-f4ca7e88406d
[codex:1003697] --------
[codex:1003697] user
[codex:1003697] You are a security auditor. You are given EVM runtime bytecode (and possibly a disassembly) for a contract with NO verified source.
[codex:1003697] This is best-effort. Do not hallucinate: only flag issues when there's a concrete, explainable angle from bytecode/disasm patterns.
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] You MUST read the full `BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt` before concluding.
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] Output MUST be valid JSON matching the provided schema.
[codex:1003697] - If you cannot identify a concrete issue from bytecode/disasm alone: set no_findings=true and findings=[].
[codex:1003697] - Otherwise: include findings with severity/category/title/evidence and point locations to BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt line ranges when possible.
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] Output constraints (IMPORTANT):
[codex:1003697] - severity MUST be exactly one of: info, low, medium, high, critical (lowercase).
[codex:1003697] - category MUST be exactly one of: access_control, reentrancy, math, oracle, upgradeability, auth, other.
[codex:1003697] mcp startup: no servers
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] thinking
[codex:1003697] **Listing files for audit preparation**
[codex:1003697] exec
[codex:1003697] /bin/bash -lc ls in /tmp/codex-multi-sojkxr__ succeeded in 5ms:
[codex:1003697] BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt
[codex:1003697] codex-output-schema.json
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] thinking
[codex:1003697] **Reading full bytecode file**
[codex:1003697] exec
[codex:1003697] /bin/bash -lc 'cat BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt' in /tmp/codex-multi-sojkxr__ succeeded in 5ms:
[codex:1003697] Runtime bytecode bundle for best-effort auditing.
[codex:1003697] Note: without verified source, conclusions are low-confidence unless a concrete pattern is visible.
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] FILE: runtime_bytecode.hex
[codex:1003697] 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
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] thinking
[codex:1003697] **Analyzing beacon proxy bytecode patterns**
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] I'm decoding the bytecode to identify a beacon proxy pattern where a staticcall to a hardcoded beacon address retrieves an implementation address, followed by a delegatecall to that address. This indicates upgradeability via an external contract without explicit admin in the runtime, which is noteworthy for security as it implies trust assumptions and potential upgrade risks.
[codex:1003697] exec
[codex:1003697] /bin/bash -lc 'nl -ba BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt' in /tmp/codex-multi-sojkxr__ succeeded in 6ms:
[codex:1003697] 1 Runtime bytecode bundle for best-effort auditing.
[codex:1003697] 2 Note: without verified source, conclusions are low-confidence unless a concrete pattern is visible.
[codex:1003697] 3
[codex:1003697] 4 FILE: runtime_bytecode.hex
[codex:1003697] 5 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
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] thinking
[codex:1003697] **Preparing upgradeability risk report**
[codex:1003697]
[codex:1003697] I’m gathering detailed evidence about the proxy’s upgrade pattern, verifying opcodes that show a staticcall to a hardcoded beacon contract returning an implementation address which is then delegatecalled. I want to carefully present this as an upgradeability risk with a low/info severity, avoiding overclaiming vulnerabilities while highlighting centralization and trust implications. I’m working on assembling valid JSON output with precise location and exploit scenario descriptions.
[codex:1003697] codex
[codex:1003697] {"no_findings":false,"summary":"Runtime shows a proxy that resolves its implementation address via a staticcall to a hardcoded external contract, implying upgradeability/centralization risk tied to that external beacon.","findings":[{"severity":"info","category":"upgradeability","title":"Implementation resolved via external beacon staticcall before delegatecall","exploit_scenario":"If the hardcoded contract at 0xd04d29022b5e7e25ab36a4f020c906f78def112a is controlled or upgradeable, whoever controls it can return a malicious implementation address. The proxy then delegatecalls into that address with user calldata, enabling full storage takeover and arbitrary logic execution in this proxy.","recommendation":"Confirm the beacon’s governance and immutability; if upgrades are expected, document the admin trust model and add monitoring. If upgrades are not desired, replace with an immutable implementation address.","evidence":"The runtime performs a STATICCALL (opcode fa) to a hardcoded address with selector 0x34c5c27e, decodes the return value as an address, then uses DELEGATECALL (opcode f4) with that address as the target.","locations":["BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt:5"]}]}
[codex:1003697] tokens used
[codex:1003697] 14,140
[codex:1003697] {"no_findings":false,"summary":"Runtime shows a proxy that resolves its implementation address via a staticcall to a hardcoded external contract, implying upgradeability/centralization risk tied to that external beacon.","findings":[{"severity":"info","category":"upgradeability","title":"Implementation resolved via external beacon staticcall before delegatecall","exploit_scenario":"If the hardcoded contract at 0xd04d29022b5e7e25ab36a4f020c906f78def112a is controlled or upgradeable, whoever controls it can return a malicious implementation address. The proxy then delegatecalls into that address with user calldata, enabling full storage takeover and arbitrary logic execution in this proxy.","recommendation":"Confirm the beacon’s governance and immutability; if upgrades are expected, document the admin trust model and add monitoring. If upgrades are not desired, replace with an immutable implementation address.","evidence":"The runtime performs a STATICCALL (opcode fa) to a hardcoded address with selector 0x34c5c27e, decodes the return value as an address, then uses DELEGATECALL (opcode f4) with that address as the target.","locations":["BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt:5"]}]}
{
"codex": {
"ran_at": "2025-12-29T06:11:27.387768+00:00",
"returncode": 0
},
"summary": "Runtime shows a proxy that resolves its implementation address via a staticcall to a hardcoded external contract, implying upgradeability/centralization risk tied to that external beacon.",
"raw_final": {
"summary": "Runtime shows a proxy that resolves its implementation address via a staticcall to a hardcoded external contract, implying upgradeability/centralization risk tied to that external beacon.",
"findings": [
{
"title": "Implementation resolved via external beacon staticcall before delegatecall",
"category": "upgradeability",
"evidence": "The runtime performs a STATICCALL (opcode fa) to a hardcoded address with selector 0x34c5c27e, decodes the return value as an address, then uses DELEGATECALL (opcode f4) with that address as the target.",
"severity": "info",
"locations": [
"BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt:5"
],
"recommendation": "Confirm the beacon\u2019s governance and immutability; if upgrades are expected, document the admin trust model and add monitoring. If upgrades are not desired, replace with an immutable implementation address.",
"exploit_scenario": "If the hardcoded contract at 0xd04d29022b5e7e25ab36a4f020c906f78def112a is controlled or upgradeable, whoever controls it can return a malicious implementation address. The proxy then delegatecalls into that address with user calldata, enabling full storage takeover and arbitrary logic execution in this proxy."
}
],
"no_findings": false
},
"no_findings": false,
"schema_version": 1
}
00000000: PUSH1 0x80 00000002: PUSH1 0x40 00000004: MSTORE 00000005: CALLDATASIZE 00000006: PUSH1 0x0a 00000008: JUMPI 00000009: STOP 0000000a: JUMPDEST 0000000b: CALLVALUE 0000000c: DUP1 0000000d: ISZERO 0000000e: PUSH1 0x15 00000010: JUMPI 00000011: PUSH1 0x00 00000013: DUP1 00000014: REVERT 00000015: JUMPDEST 00000016: POP 00000017: PUSH1 0x00 00000019: PUSH32 0x000000000000000000000000d04d29022b5e7e25ab36a4f020c906f78def112a 0000003a: PUSH1 0x01 0000003c: PUSH1 0x01 0000003e: PUSH1 0xa0 00000040: SHL 00000041: SUB 00000042: AND 00000043: PUSH4 0x34c5c27e 00000048: PUSH1 0x40 0000004a: MLOAD 0000004b: DUP2 0000004c: PUSH4 0xffffffff 00000051: AND 00000052: PUSH1 0xe0 00000054: SHL 00000055: DUP2 00000056: MSTORE 00000057: PUSH1 0x04 00000059: ADD 0000005a: PUSH1 0x20 0000005c: PUSH1 0x40 0000005e: MLOAD 0000005f: DUP1 00000060: DUP4 00000061: SUB 00000062: DUP2 00000063: DUP7 00000064: DUP1 00000065: EXTCODESIZE 00000066: ISZERO 00000067: DUP1 00000068: ISZERO 00000069: PUSH1 0x70 0000006b: JUMPI 0000006c: PUSH1 0x00 0000006e: DUP1 0000006f: REVERT 00000070: JUMPDEST 00000071: POP 00000072: GAS 00000073: STATICCALL 00000074: ISZERO 00000075: DUP1 00000076: ISZERO 00000077: PUSH1 0x83 00000079: JUMPI 0000007a: RETURNDATASIZE 0000007b: PUSH1 0x00 0000007d: DUP1 0000007e: RETURNDATACOPY 0000007f: RETURNDATASIZE 00000080: PUSH1 0x00 00000082: REVERT 00000083: JUMPDEST 00000084: POP 00000085: POP 00000086: POP 00000087: POP 00000088: PUSH1 0x40 0000008a: MLOAD 0000008b: RETURNDATASIZE 0000008c: PUSH1 0x1f 0000008e: NOT 0000008f: PUSH1 0x1f 00000091: DUP3 00000092: ADD 00000093: AND 00000094: DUP3 00000095: ADD 00000096: DUP1 00000097: PUSH1 0x40 00000099: MSTORE 0000009a: POP 0000009b: DUP2 0000009c: ADD 0000009d: SWAP1 0000009e: PUSH1 0xa5 000000a0: SWAP2 000000a1: SWAP1 000000a2: PUSH1 0xce 000000a4: JUMP 000000a5: JUMPDEST 000000a6: SWAP1 000000a7: POP 000000a8: PUSH1 0x40 000000aa: MLOAD 000000ab: CALLDATASIZE 000000ac: DUP1 000000ad: PUSH1 0x00 000000af: DUP4 000000b0: CALLDATACOPY 000000b1: PUSH1 0x00 000000b3: DUP1 000000b4: DUP3 000000b5: DUP5 000000b6: DUP7 000000b7: GAS 000000b8: DELEGATECALL 000000b9: RETURNDATASIZE 000000ba: SWAP2 000000bb: POP 000000bc: DUP2 000000bd: PUSH1 0x00 000000bf: DUP5 000000c0: RETURNDATACOPY 000000c1: DUP1 000000c2: DUP1 000000c3: ISZERO 000000c4: PUSH1 0xca 000000c6: JUMPI 000000c7: DUP3 000000c8: DUP5 000000c9: RETURN 000000ca: JUMPDEST 000000cb: DUP3 000000cc: DUP5 000000cd: REVERT 000000ce: JUMPDEST 000000cf: PUSH1 0x00 000000d1: PUSH1 0x20 000000d3: DUP3 000000d4: DUP5 000000d5: SUB 000000d6: SLT 000000d7: ISZERO 000000d8: PUSH1 0xde 000000da: JUMPI 000000db: DUP1 000000dc: DUP2 000000dd: REVERT 000000de: JUMPDEST 000000df: DUP2 000000e0: MLOAD 000000e1: PUSH1 0x01 000000e3: PUSH1 0x01 000000e5: PUSH1 0xa0 000000e7: SHL 000000e8: SUB 000000e9: DUP2 000000ea: AND 000000eb: DUP2 000000ec: EQ 000000ed: PUSH1 0xf3 000000ef: JUMPI 000000f0: DUP2 000000f1: DUP3 000000f2: REVERT 000000f3: JUMPDEST 000000f4: SWAP4 000000f5: SWAP3 000000f6: POP 000000f7: POP 000000f8: POP 000000f9: JUMP 000000fa: INVALID 000000fb: LOG2 000000fc: PUSH5 0x6970667358 00000102: UNKNOWN(0x22) 00000103: SLT 00000104: KECCAK256 00000105: UNKNOWN(0x2D) 00000106: PUSH21 0x55c5aef8e419d6ee3792cdbc3ca778174bf6a996b5 0000011c: GASLIMIT 0000011d: COINBASE 0000011e: DUP5 0000011f: UNKNOWN(0x2F) 00000120: POP 00000121: SWAP11 00000122: UNKNOWN(0xE9) 00000123: UNKNOWN(0xD0) 00000124: UNKNOWN(0xCB) 00000125: PUSH5 0x736f6c6343 0000012b: STOP 0000012c: ADDMOD 0000012d: STOP 0000012e: STOP 0000012f: CALLER
| Severity | Category | Tool | Title | Confidence | Validated | Confirmed | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| critical | upgradeability | detector | Untrusted DELEGATECALL target reachable | 70 | no | no |
viewvalidation_json{
"sink": "DELEGATECALL",
"errors": 10,
"status": "unknown",
"attempts": 11,
"confirmed": false,
"trace_mode": "callTracer",
"call_targets": null,
"matched_probe": null,
"target_varies": null,
"classification": "no_sink"
}
witness_json{
"notes": "heuristic witness; entrypoints are best-effort selectors with zeroed calldata",
"constraints": [],
"entrypoints": [
{
"calldata": "0x",
"selector": "fallback",
"calldata_variants": [
"0x"
]
}
]
}
evidence_json{
"examples": [
{
"pc": 184,
"opcode": "DELEGATECALL",
"returndata_checked": null,
"value_expression_category": "n/a",
"target_expression_category": "computed"
}
],
"guards_detected": [],
"delegatecall_count": 1,
"untrusted_delegatecall_count": 1
}
|
| medium | upgradeability | cast | DELEGATECALL present | 80 | no | — |
viewevidence_json{
"notes": "delegatecall enables execution in caller context; common in proxies/upgradeable patterns",
"delegatecall_count": 1
}
|
| info | upgradeability | codex | Implementation resolved via external beacon staticcall before delegatecall | 60 | no | — |
viewevidence_json{
"evidence": "The runtime performs a STATICCALL (opcode fa) to a hardcoded address with selector 0x34c5c27e, decodes the return value as an address, then uses DELEGATECALL (opcode f4) with that address as the target.",
"locations": [
"BYTECODE_BUNDLE.txt:5"
],
"recommendation": "Confirm the beacon\u2019s governance and immutability; if upgrades are expected, document the admin trust model and add monitoring. If upgrades are not desired, replace with an immutable implementation address.",
"exploit_scenario": "If the hardcoded contract at 0xd04d29022b5e7e25ab36a4f020c906f78def112a is controlled or upgradeable, whoever controls it can return a malicious implementation address. The proxy then delegatecalls into that address with user calldata, enabling full storage takeover and arbitrary logic execution in this proxy."
}
|