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Analysis Run

019bab3b-ab13-7280-88f3-49b837f879fe

complete
Chain ID
1
Address
Block Number
Created
Sun, Jan 11, 2026 4:06 AM
Review Summary

What survived the funnel

Open this run to answer one question: is this real attacker-relevant behavior with real impact, or just normal contract plumbing?

Confirmed
1
Validated
1
Source
Bytecode only
Review Backing
Present
Best current signal
Untrusted DELEGATECALL target reachable
crit 1 high 0 proxy context implementation known
Review Checklist
1. Read the findings table first. Ignore raw jobs until the result looks real.
2. Confirm attacker control, not just the existence of a sink.
3. Confirm money or privilege impact.
4. Keep it if the behavior is real. Kill it if this is normal proxy, admin, or upgrade plumbing.

Processing Jobs

Status & attempts
ID Type Status Attempts Heartbeat
38464 artifact.fetch complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
38465 proxy.resolve complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
38466 tool.cast_disasm complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
38467 analysis.bundle complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
38468 capability.graph complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
38469 detector.run complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
38470 validation.fork complete 1 / 3 3 months ago
39018 report.consolidate complete 1 / 6 3 months ago

Artifact

Runtime bytecode: available
Creation TX:
Deployer:
Proxy: yes onchain_only
Verified Source: no
Proxy evidence
{
    "method": "minimal_proxy",
    "status": "onchain_only",
    "implementation": "0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c",
    "onchain_method": "minimal_proxy"
}

Slither

tool.slither

No slither job recorded yet.

Codex

report.consolidate
Job Status
complete
Attempts
1 / 6
Findings
1
No findings?
no
Summary
Bytecode at 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c includes proxy-style delegatecalls to a computed implementation address; no additional concrete issues were visible from bytecode alone.
View stdout
{"no_findings":false,"summary":"Bytecode at 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c includes proxy-style delegatecalls to a computed implementation address; no additional concrete issues were visible from bytecode alone.","findings":[{"severity":"low","category":"upgradeability","title":"Delegatecall to upgradeable implementation slot allows arbitrary logic execution if upgrade authority is compromised","exploit_scenario":"An attacker who gains control of the upgrade authority (or can otherwise write to the implementation slot) can set the implementation to a malicious contract. Subsequent fallback calls will DELEGATECALL into attacker-controlled code, executing in the proxy’s storage context and enabling full state manipulation.","recommendation":"Constrain upgrade authority to a multisig/timelock, monitor implementation slot changes, and consider removing upgradeability once the system is stable. If upgradeability must remain, ensure the implementation slot is not writable by untrusted logic and that upgrades are audited before execution.","evidence":"Runtime bytecode contains DELEGATECALLs to computed targets (pc 0x2256 and pc 0x2472), with the implementation slot constant 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3 loaded at pc 0x1fc5 (org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation).","locations":["pc:0x2256","pc:0x2472","pc:0x1fc5"]}]}
View stderr
OpenAI Codex v0.77.0 (research preview)
--------
workdir: /tmp/codex-03pdgor7
model: gpt-5.2-codex
provider: openai
approval: never
sandbox: read-only
reasoning effort: high
reasoning summaries: auto
session id: 019bab8a-3295-7eb0-9e95-6206cbd04f9b
--------
user
Context: The user requested the proxy at 0xc120c7db0804ae3abeb1d5f9c9c70402347b4685.
Audit the implementation at 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c.
Findings should refer to the implementation unless explicitly about proxy mechanics.

You are a security auditor. You ONLY have runtime bytecode + analysis artifacts.
You MUST read `BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json` before concluding; it contains the bytecode summary,
evidence bundle, callsites, storage slots, and detector findings.

Special cases when reasoning from bytecode (be explicit about uncertainty):
- Selector inference is best-effort; missing selectors are common.
- Fallback/receive paths may be the only entrypoints.
- CALL vs DELEGATECALL semantics differ; DELEGATECALL executes in caller storage.
- Proxy patterns (EIP-1967, minimal proxies, beacon) change which storage is authoritative.
- Storage slots are raw; mappings/arrays appear via keccak patterns, names are unknown.
- Guard detection is heuristic; absence of guards does NOT mean unguarded.
- Returndata checking is unknown unless explicitly shown in evidence.
- Precompiles (0x1..0x9) and common ERC20 transfer selectors may appear; do not over-claim.

Output MUST be valid JSON matching the provided schema.
- If you find nothing meaningful: set no_findings=true and findings=[].
- Otherwise: set no_findings=false and include findings with severity/category/title.
- Locations can be pc references like "pc:0x123" or selectors like "selector:0xa9059cbb".

Focus on: reentrancy, access control, upgradeability/proxy issues, signature validation,
accounting/invariant breaks, dangerous delegatecall, and untrusted external calls.
Be conservative: if evidence is weak, mark severity low/medium and explain why.
mcp startup: no servers

thinking
**Reading BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json**
exec
/bin/bash -lc ls in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 7ms:
BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json
codex-output-schema.json
exec
/bin/bash -lc 'cat BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json' in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 9ms:
{
  "analysis_artifact": {
    "address": "0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c",
    "artifact_hash": "0x6e3d3c6ecb050ee0f4514ff867763223e11fb30cd6488f9407f41c77dc11c6c4",
    "artifact_json": {
      "auth": {
        "guards": [
          {
            "pc": 4665,
            "type": "msg_sender_eq_const",
            "value": "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
          },
          {
            "pc": 6728,
            "type": "msg_sender_eq_const",
            "value": "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
          },
          {
            "pc": 8639,
            "type": "msg_sender_eq_const",

thinking
**Searching for evidence locations**
exec
/bin/bash -lc 'rg -n "storage" BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json | head' in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 7ms:
13256:          "storage": {
13636:          "storage": {
14016:          "storage": {
14396:          "storage": {
14776:          "storage": {
15156:          "storage": {
15536:          "storage": {
15916:          "storage": {
16296:          "storage": {
16676:          "storage": {

thinking
**Extracting storage slots map**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "sed -n '13240,13340p' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 10ms:
              },
              {
                "pc": 9162,
                "type": "msg_sender_eq_const",
                "value": "0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"
              }
            ]
          },
          "entry_pc": 4187942029,
          "selector": "0xf99eec8d",
          "sinks": {
            "call": 0,
            "delegatecall": 2,
            "selfdestruct": 0,
            "staticcall": 2
          },
          "storage": {
            "reads": 105,
            "slots": [
              {

thinking
**Searching for delegatecall sinks**
exec
/bin/bash -lc 'rg -n "callsites|callsite" BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json | head' in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 8ms:
9549:      "callsites": [
49509:          "type": "callsite"
49515:          "type": "callsite"
49521:          "type": "callsite"
49527:          "type": "callsite"

thinking
**Examining callsites section near line 9549**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "sed -n '9520,9605p' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 18ms:
            "PUSH17",
            "OP_3A",
            "SHA3",
            "PUSH15",
            "SHA3",
            "PUSH27",
            "PUSH6",
            "SHA3",
            "PUSH16",
            "SHA3",
            "PUSH27",
            "PUSH19",
            "PUSH2",
            "PUSH16",
            "PUSH17",
            "PUSH15",
            "PUSH19",
            "BASEFEE",
            "OP_D3",
            "EXP",

thinking
**Analyzing guard and delegatecall usage**
exec
/bin/bash -lc 'rg -n "start_pc": 87 BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json | head' in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 11ms:
rg: 87: No such file or directory (os error 2)

thinking
**Correcting search pattern syntax**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "rg -n '\"start_pc\": 879' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 exited 1 in 10ms:


thinking
**Checking start_pc pattern**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "rg -n '\"start_pc\": 8790' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 exited 1 in 30ms:


thinking
**Searching for opcode at specific PC**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "rg -n '\"pc\": 8790' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 7ms:
9566:          "pc": 8790,
49520:          "pc": 8790,
49990:            "pc": 8790,

thinking
**Examining code locations around line 49980**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "sed -n '49970,50020p' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 13ms:
          "entry_pc": 1214,
          "id": "fn:0x0c870f91",
          "selector": "0x0c870f91",
          "type": "function"
        }
      ],
      "version": "capability_graph_v1"
    },
    "id": 972,
    "updated_at": "2026-01-11T05:31:58.000000Z",
    "version": "capability_graph_v1"
  },
  "detector_findings": [
    {
      "confidence": 55,
      "evidence_json": {
        "delegatecall_count": 2,
        "examples": [
          {
            "opcode": "DELEGATECALL",

thinking
**Preparing to locate opcode in basic_blocks**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
blocks=data['analysis_artifact']['artifact_json']['basic_blocks']
# find blocks that include pc 8790 or 9330
for pc in (8790,9330,8639,9162):
    for b in blocks:
        if b['start_pc']<=pc<=b['end_pc']:
            print('pc',pc,'block',b['start_pc'],b['end_pc'])
            print(b['opcodes'])
            print('---')
            break
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 93ms:
pc 8790 block 8731 8803
['JUMPDEST', 'PUSH1', 'OP_85', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'OP_83', 'OP_83', 'PUSH1', 'MLOAD', 'OP_80', 'OP_83', 'OP_83', 'OP_80', 'OP_82', 'OP_84', 'CALLDATACOPY', 'PUSH1', 'MLOAD', 'OP_92', 'ADD', 'OP_94', 'POP', 'PUSH1', 'OP_93', 'POP', 'OP_90', 'OP_91', 'POP', 'POP', 'OP_80', 'OP_83', 'SUB', 'OP_81', 'OP_85', 'GAS', 'DELEGATECALL', 'OP_91', 'POP', 'POP', 'RETURNDATASIZE', 'OP_80', 'PUSH1', 'OP_81', 'EQ', 'PUSH2', 'JUMPI']
---
pc 9330 block 9316 9342
['JUMPDEST', 'CALLDATASIZE', 'PUSH1', 'OP_80', 'CALLDATACOPY', 'PUSH1', 'OP_80', 'CALLDATASIZE', 'PUSH1', 'OP_84', 'GAS', 'DELEGATECALL', 'RETURNDATASIZE', 'PUSH1', 'OP_80', 'RETURNDATACOPY', 'OP_80', 'OP_80', 'ISZERO', 'PUSH2', 'JUMPI']
---
pc 8639 block 8616 8667
['JUMPDEST', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'CALLER', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'EQ', 'ISZERO', 'PUSH2', 'JUMPI']
---
pc 9162 block 9139 9190
['JUMPDEST', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'CALLER', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'EQ', 'ISZERO', 'PUSH2', 'JUMPI']
---

thinking
**Examining delegatecall patterns and guards**

I'm piecing together how delegatecall is used in the implementation, noticing it checks returndata size rather than the success flag, and seeing a guard that restricts delegatecall access to a suspicious address of all Fs, likely a sentinel or placeholder. Since function selectors don't map cleanly to PCs, I'll focus on analyzing opcode blocks around delegatecall and storage slots to understand the delegatecall target, being mindful of proxy and upgradeable contract mechanics hinted by the setup.
exec
/bin/bash -lc 'rg -n "bytecode" BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json | head' in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 8ms:
41459:    "runtime_bytecode": {
exec
/bin/bash -lc "sed -n '41440,41490p' BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 9ms:
  "artifact": {
    "codehash": "0xfd09010ba3c25b7b80e8f6ba6255fa796d9bf8ee1326bb07b57028523b3f601d",
    "compiler_json": {
      "compiler_version": null,
      "etherscan": {
        "contract_name": null,
        "implementation": null,
        "license": "Unknown",
        "proxy": "0",
        "swarm_source": null
      },
      "optimizer_enabled": false,
      "optimizer_runs": 0,
      "proxy_evidence": {
        "status": "not_proxy"
      }
    },
    "implementation_address": null,
    "is_proxy": false,
    "runtime_bytecode": {


thinking
**Analyzing proxy runtime bytecode complexity**
thinking
**Examining upgradeability and ownership controls**

This contract appears to be an upgradeable proxy with admin and Ownable-style ownership controls, storing the implementation address in the EIP-1967 slot and managing upgrade functions with owner checks. I'm focusing on distinguishing proxy mechanics from implementation logic and verifying ownership checks by analyzing storage slot access and guards in the bytecode.
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
blocks=data['analysis_artifact']['artifact_json']['basic_blocks']
for pc in (4665,6728):
    for b in blocks:
        if b['start_pc']<=pc<=b['end_pc']:
            print('pc',pc,'block',b['start_pc'],b['end_pc'])
            print(b['opcodes'])
            print('---')
            break
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 75ms:
pc 4665 block 4642 4693
['JUMPDEST', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'CALLER', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'EQ', 'ISZERO', 'PUSH2', 'JUMPI']
---
pc 6728 block 6705 6756
['JUMPDEST', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'CALLER', 'PUSH20', 'AND', 'EQ', 'ISZERO', 'PUSH2', 'JUMPI']
---

thinking
**Investigating constant values near JUMPDEST**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
from binascii import unhexlify
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
# bytes array
b=bytes.fromhex(code)
for pc in (4642,6728,8639,9162,8790,9330):
    start=max(0,pc-10)
    end=min(len(b),pc+40)
    print('pc',pc,'bytes',b[start:end].hex())
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 41ms:
pc 4642 bytes 81565b611222612488565b73ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff163373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
pc 6728 bytes ffffffffffffffffff163373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff161415611b365773ffffffffffffffffffff
pc 8639 bytes ffffffffffffffffff163373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16141561229e5761221b8585858080601f01
pc 9162 bytes ffffffffffffffffff163373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff161415612437576040517f08c379a0000000
pc 8790 bytes 9091505080830381855af49150503d8060008114612285576040519150601f19603f3d011682016040523d82523d60006020
pc 9330 bytes 8037600080366000845af43d6000803e808015612483573d6000f35b3d6000fd5b7f10d6a54a4754c8869d6886b5f5d7fbfa

thinking
**Analyzing access control and delegatecall patterns**

I'm carefully decoding EVM bytecode to verify if access control is properly applied around delegatecall operations, especially in upgrade functions. The mask `0xffff...` is used for address masking, not as an allowed address, so I'll focus on checking that ownership guards are in place before delegatecalls like `upgradeToAndCall`. This involves looking at bytecode near relevant program counters to confirm if owner checks precede delegatecalls.
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
from binascii import unhexlify
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
b=bytes.fromhex(code)
# show disassembly-like bytes around 8600-8665
start=8580; end=8670
print(b[start:end].hex())
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 88ms:
519081900360640190fd5b611b3e816125d1565b60235460ff1681565b6121a8612488565b73ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff163373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff16141561229e576122

thinking
**Analyzing bytecode for onlyOwner check**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
b=bytes.fromhex(code)
start=8560; end=8615
print(b[start:end].hex())
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 80ms:
206e6f7420746865206f776e6572604482015290519081900360640190fd5b611b3e816125d1565b60235460ff1681565b6121a8612488

thinking
**Analyzing ownership and admin checks**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
b=bytes.fromhex(code)
start=9120; end=9195
print(b[start:end].hex())
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 51ms:
ffffffffffffffff1681565b6123b3612488565b73ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff163373ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff161415612437576040517f

thinking
**Analyzing proxy delegatecall safety and upgrade risks**

I'm examining delegatecall usage in the proxy, checking that onlyOwner guards upgrades and that new implementations are confirmed contracts. I’m curious about whether delegatecall success is properly handled and reentrancy risks exist. There’s potential upgradeability risk if owner privileges are compromised, but this is expected. I’m planning to decode bytecode around delegatecall to verify handling of return values and errors.
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json

opcodes = {
    0x00:'STOP',0x01:'ADD',0x02:'MUL',0x03:'SUB',0x04:'DIV',0x05:'SDIV',0x06:'MOD',0x07:'SMOD',0x08:'ADDMOD',0x09:'MULMOD',0x0a:'EXP',0x0b:'SIGNEXTEND',
    0x10:'LT',0x11:'GT',0x12:'SLT',0x13:'SGT',0x14:'EQ',0x15:'ISZERO',0x16:'AND',0x17:'OR',0x18:'XOR',0x19:'NOT',0x1a:'BYTE',0x1b:'SHL',0x1c:'SHR',0x1d:'SAR',
    0x20:'SHA3',
    0x30:'ADDRESS',0x31:'BALANCE',0x32:'ORIGIN',0x33:'CALLER',0x34:'CALLVALUE',0x35:'CALLDATALOAD',0x36:'CALLDATASIZE',0x37:'CALLDATACOPY',0x38:'CODESIZE',0x39:'CODECOPY',0x3a:'GASPRICE',0x3b:'EXTCODESIZE',0x3c:'EXTCODECOPY',0x3d:'RETURNDATASIZE',0x3e:'RETURNDATACOPY',0x3f:'EXTCODEHASH',
    0x40:'BLOCKHASH',0x41:'COINBASE',0x42:'TIMESTAMP',0x43:'NUMBER',0x44:'DIFFICULTY',0x45:'GASLIMIT',0x46:'CHAINID',0x47:'SELFBALANCE',0x48:'BASEFEE',
    0x50:'POP',0x51:'MLOAD',0x52:'MSTORE',0x53:'MSTORE8',0x54:'SLOAD',0x55:'SSTORE',0x56:'JUMP',0x57:'JUMPI',0x58:'PC',0x59:'MSIZE',0x5a:'GAS',0x5b:'JUMPDEST',
    0x60:'PUSH1',0x61:'PUSH2',0x62:'PUSH3',0x63:'PUSH4',0x64:'PUSH5',0x65:'PUSH6',0x66:'PUSH7',0x67:'PUSH8',0x68:'PUSH9',0x69:'PUSH10',0x6a:'PUSH11',0x6b:'PUSH12',0x6c:'PUSH13',0x6d:'PUSH14',0x6e:'PUSH15',0x6f:'PUSH16',0x70:'PUSH17',0x71:'PUSH18',0x72:'PUSH19',0x73:'PUSH20',0x74:'PUSH21',0x75:'PUSH22',0x76:'PUSH23',0x77:'PUSH24',0x78:'PUSH25',0x79:'PUSH26',0x7a:'PUSH27',0x7b:'PUSH28',0x7c:'PUSH29',0x7d:'PUSH30',0x7e:'PUSH31',0x7f:'PUSH32',
    0x80:'DUP1',0x81:'DUP2',0x82:'DUP3',0x83:'DUP4',0x84:'DUP5',0x85:'DUP6',0x86:'DUP7',0x87:'DUP8',0x88:'DUP9',0x89:'DUP10',0x8a:'DUP11',0x8b:'DUP12',0x8c:'DUP13',0x8d:'DUP14',0x8e:'DUP15',0x8f:'DUP16',
    0x90:'SWAP1',0x91:'SWAP2',0x92:'SWAP3',0x93:'SWAP4',0x94:'SWAP5',0x95:'SWAP6',0x96:'SWAP7',0x97:'SWAP8',0x98:'SWAP9',0x99:'SWAP10',0x9a:'SWAP11',0x9b:'SWAP12',0x9c:'SWAP13',0x9d:'SWAP14',0x9e:'SWAP15',0x9f:'SWAP16',
    0xa0:'LOG0',0xa1:'LOG1',0xa2:'LOG2',0xa3:'LOG3',0xa4:'LOG4',
    0xf0:'CREATE',0xf1:'CALL',0xf2:'CALLCODE',0xf3:'RETURN',0xf4:'DELEGATECALL',0xf5:'CREATE2',0xfa:'STATICCALL',0xfd:'REVERT',0xfe:'INVALID',0xff:'SELFDESTRUCT'
}

with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
bytes_code=bytes.fromhex(code)

def disasm(start, end):
    pc=start
    while pc<end:
        op=bytes_code[pc]
        name=opcodes.get(op, f'OP_{op:02x}')
        pc_next=pc+1
        arg=None
        if 0x60 <= op <= 0x7f:
            n=op-0x5f
            arg=bytes_code[pc_next:pc_next+n]
            pc_next+=n
        if arg is None:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name}')
        else:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name} 0x{arg.hex()}')
        pc=pc_next

print('--- disasm around 8720-8820 ---')
disasm(8720, 8820)
print('--- disasm around 9300-9360 ---')
disasm(9300, 9360)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 43ms:
--- disasm around 8720-8820 ---
08720: SWAP2
08721: MSTORE
08722: POP
08723: PUSH2 0x24ad
08726: SWAP3
08727: POP
08728: POP
08729: POP
08730: JUMP
08731: JUMPDEST
08732: PUSH1 0x00
08734: DUP6
08735: PUSH20 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
08756: AND
08757: DUP4
08758: DUP4
08759: PUSH1 0x40
08761: MLOAD
08762: DUP1

thinking
**Analyzing delegatecall and fallback logic**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
opcodes = {
    0x00:'STOP',0x01:'ADD',0x02:'MUL',0x03:'SUB',0x04:'DIV',0x05:'SDIV',0x06:'MOD',0x07:'SMOD',0x08:'ADDMOD',0x09:'MULMOD',0x0a:'EXP',0x0b:'SIGNEXTEND',
    0x10:'LT',0x11:'GT',0x12:'SLT',0x13:'SGT',0x14:'EQ',0x15:'ISZERO',0x16:'AND',0x17:'OR',0x18:'XOR',0x19:'NOT',0x1a:'BYTE',0x1b:'SHL',0x1c:'SHR',0x1d:'SAR',
    0x20:'SHA3',
    0x30:'ADDRESS',0x31:'BALANCE',0x32:'ORIGIN',0x33:'CALLER',0x34:'CALLVALUE',0x35:'CALLDATALOAD',0x36:'CALLDATASIZE',0x37:'CALLDATACOPY',0x38:'CODESIZE',0x39:'CODECOPY',0x3a:'GASPRICE',0x3b:'EXTCODESIZE',0x3c:'EXTCODECOPY',0x3d:'RETURNDATASIZE',0x3e:'RETURNDATACOPY',0x3f:'EXTCODEHASH',
    0x40:'BLOCKHASH',0x41:'COINBASE',0x42:'TIMESTAMP',0x43:'NUMBER',0x44:'DIFFICULTY',0x45:'GASLIMIT',0x46:'CHAINID',0x47:'SELFBALANCE',0x48:'BASEFEE',
    0x50:'POP',0x51:'MLOAD',0x52:'MSTORE',0x53:'MSTORE8',0x54:'SLOAD',0x55:'SSTORE',0x56:'JUMP',0x57:'JUMPI',0x58:'PC',0x59:'MSIZE',0x5a:'GAS',0x5b:'JUMPDEST',
    0x60:'PUSH1',0x61:'PUSH2',0x62:'PUSH3',0x63:'PUSH4',0x64:'PUSH5',0x65:'PUSH6',0x66:'PUSH7',0x67:'PUSH8',0x68:'PUSH9',0x69:'PUSH10',0x6a:'PUSH11',0x6b:'PUSH12',0x6c:'PUSH13',0x6d:'PUSH14',0x6e:'PUSH15',0x6f:'PUSH16',0x70:'PUSH17',0x71:'PUSH18',0x72:'PUSH19',0x73:'PUSH20',0x74:'PUSH21',0x75:'PUSH22',0x76:'PUSH23',0x77:'PUSH24',0x78:'PUSH25',0x79:'PUSH26',0x7a:'PUSH27',0x7b:'PUSH28',0x7c:'PUSH29',0x7d:'PUSH30',0x7e:'PUSH31',0x7f:'PUSH32',
    0x80:'DUP1',0x81:'DUP2',0x82:'DUP3',0x83:'DUP4',0x84:'DUP5',0x85:'DUP6',0x86:'DUP7',0x87:'DUP8',0x88:'DUP9',0x89:'DUP10',0x8a:'DUP11',0x8b:'DUP12',0x8c:'DUP13',0x8d:'DUP14',0x8e:'DUP15',0x8f:'DUP16',
    0x90:'SWAP1',0x91:'SWAP2',0x92:'SWAP3',0x93:'SWAP4',0x94:'SWAP5',0x95:'SWAP6',0x96:'SWAP7',0x97:'SWAP8',0x98:'SWAP9',0x99:'SWAP10',0x9a:'SWAP11',0x9b:'SWAP12',0x9c:'SWAP13',0x9d:'SWAP14',0x9e:'SWAP15',0x9f:'SWAP16',
    0xa0:'LOG0',0xa1:'LOG1',0xa2:'LOG2',0xa3:'LOG3',0xa4:'LOG4',
    0xf0:'CREATE',0xf1:'CALL',0xf2:'CALLCODE',0xf3:'RETURN',0xf4:'DELEGATECALL',0xf5:'CREATE2',0xfa:'STATICCALL',0xfd:'REVERT',0xfe:'INVALID',0xff:'SELFDESTRUCT'
}

with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
bytes_code=bytes.fromhex(code)

def disasm(start, end):
    pc=start
    while pc<end:
        op=bytes_code[pc]
        name=opcodes.get(op, f'OP_{op:02x}')
        pc_next=pc+1
        arg=None
        if 0x60 <= op <= 0x7f:
            n=op-0x5f
            arg=bytes_code[pc_next:pc_next+n]
            pc_next+=n
        if arg is None:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name}')
        else:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name} 0x{arg.hex()}')
        pc=pc_next

print('--- disasm around 8790-8860 ---')
disasm(8790, 8860)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 36ms:
--- disasm around 8790-8860 ---
08790: DELEGATECALL
08791: SWAP2
08792: POP
08793: POP
08794: RETURNDATASIZE
08795: DUP1
08796: PUSH1 0x00
08798: DUP2
08799: EQ
08800: PUSH2 0x2285
08803: JUMPI
08804: PUSH1 0x40
08806: MLOAD
08807: SWAP2
08808: POP
08809: PUSH1 0x1f
08811: NOT
08812: PUSH1 0x3f
08814: RETURNDATASIZE

thinking
**Analyzing delegatecall and proxy logic**

I'm examining how delegatecall's success is checked via stack operations and confirming it handles return data properly. I notice the implementation is actually a proxy using the Transparent Proxy pattern, with upgradeability controlled by an owner. I'll explore potential centralization risks and verify upgrade function protections like extcodesize checks and ownership restrictions by scanning for relevant bytecode constants and error strings.
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
print('3659cfe6' in code)
print('4f1ef286' in code)
print('5c60da1b' in code)
print('f851a440' in code)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 54ms:
False
False
False
False

thinking
**Analyzing delegatecall and staticcall risks**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
from binascii import unhexlify
opcodes = {
    0x00:'STOP',0x01:'ADD',0x02:'MUL',0x03:'SUB',0x04:'DIV',0x05:'SDIV',0x06:'MOD',0x07:'SMOD',0x08:'ADDMOD',0x09:'MULMOD',0x0a:'EXP',0x0b:'SIGNEXTEND',
    0x10:'LT',0x11:'GT',0x12:'SLT',0x13:'SGT',0x14:'EQ',0x15:'ISZERO',0x16:'AND',0x17:'OR',0x18:'XOR',0x19:'NOT',0x1a:'BYTE',0x1b:'SHL',0x1c:'SHR',0x1d:'SAR',
    0x20:'SHA3',
    0x30:'ADDRESS',0x31:'BALANCE',0x32:'ORIGIN',0x33:'CALLER',0x34:'CALLVALUE',0x35:'CALLDATALOAD',0x36:'CALLDATASIZE',0x37:'CALLDATACOPY',0x38:'CODESIZE',0x39:'CODECOPY',0x3a:'GASPRICE',0x3b:'EXTCODESIZE',0x3c:'EXTCODECOPY',0x3d:'RETURNDATASIZE',0x3e:'RETURNDATACOPY',0x3f:'EXTCODEHASH',
    0x40:'BLOCKHASH',0x41:'COINBASE',0x42:'TIMESTAMP',0x43:'NUMBER',0x44:'DIFFICULTY',0x45:'GASLIMIT',0x46:'CHAINID',0x47:'SELFBALANCE',0x48:'BASEFEE',
    0x50:'POP',0x51:'MLOAD',0x52:'MSTORE',0x53:'MSTORE8',0x54:'SLOAD',0x55:'SSTORE',0x56:'JUMP',0x57:'JUMPI',0x58:'PC',0x59:'MSIZE',0x5a:'GAS',0x5b:'JUMPDEST',
    0x60:'PUSH1',0x61:'PUSH2',0x62:'PUSH3',0x63:'PUSH4',0x64:'PUSH5',0x65:'PUSH6',0x66:'PUSH7',0x67:'PUSH8',0x68:'PUSH9',0x69:'PUSH10',0x6a:'PUSH11',0x6b:'PUSH12',0x6c:'PUSH13',0x6d:'PUSH14',0x6e:'PUSH15',0x6f:'PUSH16',0x70:'PUSH17',0x71:'PUSH18',0x72:'PUSH19',0x73:'PUSH20',0x74:'PUSH21',0x75:'PUSH22',0x76:'PUSH23',0x77:'PUSH24',0x78:'PUSH25',0x79:'PUSH26',0x7a:'PUSH27',0x7b:'PUSH28',0x7c:'PUSH29',0x7d:'PUSH30',0x7e:'PUSH31',0x7f:'PUSH32',
    0x80:'DUP1',0x81:'DUP2',0x82:'DUP3',0x83:'DUP4',0x84:'DUP5',0x85:'DUP6',0x86:'DUP7',0x87:'DUP8',0x88:'DUP9',0x89:'DUP10',0x8a:'DUP11',0x8b:'DUP12',0x8c:'DUP13',0x8d:'DUP14',0x8e:'DUP15',0x8f:'DUP16',
    0x90:'SWAP1',0x91:'SWAP2',0x92:'SWAP3',0x93:'SWAP4',0x94:'SWAP5',0x95:'SWAP6',0x96:'SWAP7',0x97:'SWAP8',0x98:'SWAP9',0x99:'SWAP10',0x9a:'SWAP11',0x9b:'SWAP12',0x9c:'SWAP13',0x9d:'SWAP14',0x9e:'SWAP15',0x9f:'SWAP16',
    0xa0:'LOG0',0xa1:'LOG1',0xa2:'LOG2',0xa3:'LOG3',0xa4:'LOG4',
    0xf0:'CREATE',0xf1:'CALL',0xf2:'CALLCODE',0xf3:'RETURN',0xf4:'DELEGATECALL',0xf5:'CREATE2',0xfa:'STATICCALL',0xfd:'REVERT',0xfe:'INVALID',0xff:'SELFDESTRUCT'
}

with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
bytes_code=bytes.fromhex(code)

def disasm(start, end):
    pc=start
    while pc<end:
        op=bytes_code[pc]
        name=opcodes.get(op, f'OP_{op:02x}')
        pc_next=pc+1
        arg=None
        if 0x60 <= op <= 0x7f:
            n=op-0x5f
            arg=bytes_code[pc_next:pc_next+n]
            pc_next+=n
        if arg is None:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name}')
        else:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name} 0x{arg.hex()}')
        pc=pc_next

print('--- disasm around 4360-4425 ---')
disasm(4360, 4425)
print('--- disasm around 5140-5205 ---')
disasm(5140, 5205)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 55ms:
--- disasm around 4360-4425 ---
04360: PUSH1 0x20
04362: SWAP3
04363: SWAP2
04364: SWAP1
04365: DUP3
04366: SWAP1
04367: SUB
04368: ADD
04369: DUP2
04370: DUP7
04371: DUP1
04372: EXTCODESIZE
04373: ISZERO
04374: DUP1
04375: ISZERO
04376: PUSH2 0x1120
04379: JUMPI
04380: PUSH1 0x00
04382: DUP1

thinking
**Analyzing proxy delegatecall upgrade risks**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
print(hex(9330))
print(hex(8790))
print(hex(9353))
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 66ms:
0x2472
0x2256
0x2489

thinking
**Investigating delegatecall and storage constants**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
opcodes={0x00:'STOP',0x01:'ADD',0x02:'MUL',0x03:'SUB',0x04:'DIV',0x05:'SDIV',0x06:'MOD',0x07:'SMOD',0x08:'ADDMOD',0x09:'MULMOD',0x0a:'EXP',0x0b:'SIGNEXTEND',0x10:'LT',0x11:'GT',0x12:'SLT',0x13:'SGT',0x14:'EQ',0x15:'ISZERO',0x16:'AND',0x17:'OR',0x18:'XOR',0x19:'NOT',0x1a:'BYTE',0x1b:'SHL',0x1c:'SHR',0x1d:'SAR',0x20:'SHA3',0x30:'ADDRESS',0x31:'BALANCE',0x32:'ORIGIN',0x33:'CALLER',0x34:'CALLVALUE',0x35:'CALLDATALOAD',0x36:'CALLDATASIZE',0x37:'CALLDATACOPY',0x38:'CODESIZE',0x39:'CODECOPY',0x3a:'GASPRICE',0x3b:'EXTCODESIZE',0x3c:'EXTCODECOPY',0x3d:'RETURNDATASIZE',0x3e:'RETURNDATACOPY',0x3f:'EXTCODEHASH',0x40:'BLOCKHASH',0x41:'COINBASE',0x42:'TIMESTAMP',0x43:'NUMBER',0x44:'DIFFICULTY',0x45:'GASLIMIT',0x46:'CHAINID',0x47:'SELFBALANCE',0x48:'BASEFEE',0x50:'POP',0x51:'MLOAD',0x52:'MSTORE',0x53:'MSTORE8',0x54:'SLOAD',0x55:'SSTORE',0x56:'JUMP',0x57:'JUMPI',0x58:'PC',0x59:'MSIZE',0x5a:'GAS',0x5b:'JUMPDEST',0x60:'PUSH1',0x61:'PUSH2',0x62:'PUSH3',0x63:'PUSH4',0x64:'PUSH5',0x65:'PUSH6',0x66:'PUSH7',0x67:'PUSH8',0x68:'PUSH9',0x69:'PUSH10',0x6a:'PUSH11',0x6b:'PUSH12',0x6c:'PUSH13',0x6d:'PUSH14',0x6e:'PUSH15',0x6f:'PUSH16',0x70:'PUSH17',0x71:'PUSH18',0x72:'PUSH19',0x73:'PUSH20',0x74:'PUSH21',0x75:'PUSH22',0x76:'PUSH23',0x77:'PUSH24',0x78:'PUSH25',0x79:'PUSH26',0x7a:'PUSH27',0x7b:'PUSH28',0x7c:'PUSH29',0x7d:'PUSH30',0x7e:'PUSH31',0x7f:'PUSH32',0x80:'DUP1',0x81:'DUP2',0x82:'DUP3',0x83:'DUP4',0x84:'DUP5',0x85:'DUP6',0x86:'DUP7',0x87:'DUP8',0x88:'DUP9',0x89:'DUP10',0x8a:'DUP11',0x8b:'DUP12',0x8c:'DUP13',0x8d:'DUP14',0x8e:'DUP15',0x8f:'DUP16',0x90:'SWAP1',0x91:'SWAP2',0x92:'SWAP3',0x93:'SWAP4',0x94:'SWAP5',0x95:'SWAP6',0x96:'SWAP7',0x97:'SWAP8',0x98:'SWAP9',0x99:'SWAP10',0x9a:'SWAP11',0x9b:'SWAP12',0x9c:'SWAP13',0x9d:'SWAP14',0x9e:'SWAP15',0x9f:'SWAP16',0xa0:'LOG0',0xa1:'LOG1',0xa2:'LOG2',0xa3:'LOG3',0xa4:'LOG4',0xf0:'CREATE',0xf1:'CALL',0xf2:'CALLCODE',0xf3:'RETURN',0xf4:'DELEGATECALL',0xf5:'CREATE2',0xfa:'STATICCALL',0xfd:'REVERT',0xfe:'INVALID',0xff:'SELFDESTRUCT'}

with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
bytes_code=bytes.fromhex(code)

def disasm(start, end):
    pc=start
    while pc<end:
        op=bytes_code[pc]
        name=opcodes.get(op, f'OP_{op:02x}')
        pc_next=pc+1
        arg=None
        if 0x60 <= op <= 0x7f:
            n=op-0x5f
            arg=bytes_code[pc_next:pc_next+n]
            pc_next+=n
        if arg is None:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name}')
        else:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name} 0x{arg.hex()}')
        pc=pc_next

print('--- disasm around 9348-9408 ---')
disasm(9348, 9408)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 62ms:
--- disasm around 9348-9408 ---
09348: RETURNDATASIZE
09349: PUSH1 0x00
09351: REVERT
09352: JUMPDEST
09353: PUSH32 0x10d6a54a4754c8869d6886b5f5d7fbfa5b4522237ea5c60d11bc4e7a1ff9390b
09386: SLOAD
09387: SWAP1
09388: JUMP
09389: JUMPDEST
09390: PUSH2 0x24b7
09393: DUP3
09394: DUP3
09395: PUSH2 0x2524
09398: JUMP
09399: JUMPDEST
09400: PUSH1 0x40
09402: MLOAD
09403: PUSH20 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

thinking
**Searching for push32 constants in bytecode**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
needle='7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3'
idx=code.find(needle)
print('index', idx)
if idx"'!=-1:
    print('"'pc', idx//2)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 65ms:
index 16268
pc 8134

thinking
**Disassembling around PC 8128**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
import json
opcodes={0x00:'STOP',0x01:'ADD',0x02:'MUL',0x03:'SUB',0x04:'DIV',0x05:'SDIV',0x06:'MOD',0x07:'SMOD',0x08:'ADDMOD',0x09:'MULMOD',0x0a:'EXP',0x0b:'SIGNEXTEND',0x10:'LT',0x11:'GT',0x12:'SLT',0x13:'SGT',0x14:'EQ',0x15:'ISZERO',0x16:'AND',0x17:'OR',0x18:'XOR',0x19:'NOT',0x1a:'BYTE',0x1b:'SHL',0x1c:'SHR',0x1d:'SAR',0x20:'SHA3',0x30:'ADDRESS',0x31:'BALANCE',0x32:'ORIGIN',0x33:'CALLER',0x34:'CALLVALUE',0x35:'CALLDATALOAD',0x36:'CALLDATASIZE',0x37:'CALLDATACOPY',0x38:'CODESIZE',0x39:'CODECOPY',0x3a:'GASPRICE',0x3b:'EXTCODESIZE',0x3c:'EXTCODECOPY',0x3d:'RETURNDATASIZE',0x3e:'RETURNDATACOPY',0x3f:'EXTCODEHASH',0x40:'BLOCKHASH',0x41:'COINBASE',0x42:'TIMESTAMP',0x43:'NUMBER',0x44:'DIFFICULTY',0x45:'GASLIMIT',0x46:'CHAINID',0x47:'SELFBALANCE',0x48:'BASEFEE',0x50:'POP',0x51:'MLOAD',0x52:'MSTORE',0x53:'MSTORE8',0x54:'SLOAD',0x55:'SSTORE',0x56:'JUMP',0x57:'JUMPI',0x58:'PC',0x59:'MSIZE',0x5a:'GAS',0x5b:'JUMPDEST',0x60:'PUSH1',0x61:'PUSH2',0x62:'PUSH3',0x63:'PUSH4',0x64:'PUSH5',0x65:'PUSH6',0x66:'PUSH7',0x67:'PUSH8',0x68:'PUSH9',0x69:'PUSH10',0x6a:'PUSH11',0x6b:'PUSH12',0x6c:'PUSH13',0x6d:'PUSH14',0x6e:'PUSH15',0x6f:'PUSH16',0x70:'PUSH17',0x71:'PUSH18',0x72:'PUSH19',0x73:'PUSH20',0x74:'PUSH21',0x75:'PUSH22',0x76:'PUSH23',0x77:'PUSH24',0x78:'PUSH25',0x79:'PUSH26',0x7a:'PUSH27',0x7b:'PUSH28',0x7c:'PUSH29',0x7d:'PUSH30',0x7e:'PUSH31',0x7f:'PUSH32',0x80:'DUP1',0x81:'DUP2',0x82:'DUP3',0x83:'DUP4',0x84:'DUP5',0x85:'DUP6',0x86:'DUP7',0x87:'DUP8',0x88:'DUP9',0x89:'DUP10',0x8a:'DUP11',0x8b:'DUP12',0x8c:'DUP13',0x8d:'DUP14',0x8e:'DUP15',0x8f:'DUP16',0x90:'SWAP1',0x91:'SWAP2',0x92:'SWAP3',0x93:'SWAP4',0x94:'SWAP5',0x95:'SWAP6',0x96:'SWAP7',0x97:'SWAP8',0x98:'SWAP9',0x99:'SWAP10',0x9a:'SWAP11',0x9b:'SWAP12',0x9c:'SWAP13',0x9d:'SWAP14',0x9e:'SWAP15',0x9f:'SWAP16',0xa0:'LOG0',0xa1:'LOG1',0xa2:'LOG2',0xa3:'LOG3',0xa4:'LOG4',0xf0:'CREATE',0xf1:'CALL',0xf2:'CALLCODE',0xf3:'RETURN',0xf4:'DELEGATECALL',0xf5:'CREATE2',0xfa:'STATICCALL',0xfd:'REVERT',0xfe:'INVALID',0xff:'SELFDESTRUCT'}

with open('BYTECODE_BUNDLE.json') as f:
    data=json.load(f)
code=data['artifact']['runtime_bytecode']['full']
if code.startswith('0x'): code=code[2:]
bytes_code=bytes.fromhex(code)

def disasm(start, end):
    pc=start
    while pc<end:
        op=bytes_code[pc]
        name=opcodes.get(op, f'OP_{op:02x}')
        pc_next=pc+1
        arg=None
        if 0x60 <= op <= 0x7f:
            n=op-0x5f
            arg=bytes_code[pc_next:pc_next+n]
            pc_next+=n
        if arg is None:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name}')
        else:
            print(f'{pc:05d}: {name} 0x{arg.hex()}')
        pc=pc_next

print('--- disasm around 8120-8165 ---')
disasm(8120, 8165)
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 36ms:
--- disasm around 8120-8165 ---
08120: CODECOPY
08121: PUSH1 0x40
08123: MLOAD
08124: SWAP1
08125: DUP2
08126: SWAP1
08127: SUB
08128: PUSH1 0x23
08130: ADD
08131: SWAP1
08132: SHA3
08133: PUSH32 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3

thinking
**Analyzing upgradeable proxy delegatecall risks**
exec
/bin/bash -lc "python - <<'PY'
print(hex(8133))
print(hex(9353))
PY" in /tmp/codex-03pdgor7 succeeded in 26ms:
0x1fc5
0x2489

thinking
**Drafting proxy upgradeability finding**
codex
{"no_findings":false,"summary":"Bytecode at 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c includes proxy-style delegatecalls to a computed implementation address; no additional concrete issues were visible from bytecode alone.","findings":[{"severity":"low","category":"upgradeability","title":"Delegatecall to upgradeable implementation slot allows arbitrary logic execution if upgrade authority is compromised","exploit_scenario":"An attacker who gains control of the upgrade authority (or can otherwise write to the implementation slot) can set the implementation to a malicious contract. Subsequent fallback calls will DELEGATECALL into attacker-controlled code, executing in the proxy’s storage context and enabling full state manipulation.","recommendation":"Constrain upgrade authority to a multisig/timelock, monitor implementation slot changes, and consider removing upgradeability once the system is stable. If upgradeability must remain, ensure the implementation slot is not writable by untrusted logic and that upgrades are audited before execution.","evidence":"Runtime bytecode contains DELEGATECALLs to computed targets (pc 0x2256 and pc 0x2472), with the implementation slot constant 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3 loaded at pc 0x1fc5 (org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation).","locations":["pc:0x2256","pc:0x2472","pc:0x1fc5"]}]}
tokens used
91,612
Metadata
{
    "codex": {
        "ran_at": "2026-01-11T05:39:27.074437+00:00",
        "returncode": 0
    },
    "project": {
        "mode": "bytecode",
        "bytecode_length": 20864,
        "bytecode_truncated": false,
        "capability_graph_present": true,
        "analysis_artifact_present": true
    },
    "summary": "Bytecode at 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c includes proxy-style delegatecalls to a computed implementation address; no additional concrete issues were visible from bytecode alone.",
    "raw_final": {
        "summary": "Bytecode at 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c includes proxy-style delegatecalls to a computed implementation address; no additional concrete issues were visible from bytecode alone.",
        "findings": [
            {
                "title": "Delegatecall to upgradeable implementation slot allows arbitrary logic execution if upgrade authority is compromised",
                "category": "upgradeability",
                "evidence": "Runtime bytecode contains DELEGATECALLs to computed targets (pc 0x2256 and pc 0x2472), with the implementation slot constant 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3 loaded at pc 0x1fc5 (org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation).",
                "severity": "low",
                "locations": [
                    "pc:0x2256",
                    "pc:0x2472",
                    "pc:0x1fc5"
                ],
                "recommendation": "Constrain upgrade authority to a multisig/timelock, monitor implementation slot changes, and consider removing upgradeability once the system is stable. If upgradeability must remain, ensure the implementation slot is not writable by untrusted logic and that upgrades are audited before execution.",
                "exploit_scenario": "An attacker who gains control of the upgrade authority (or can otherwise write to the implementation slot) can set the implementation to a malicious contract. Subsequent fallback calls will DELEGATECALL into attacker-controlled code, executing in the proxy\u2019s storage context and enabling full state manipulation."
            }
        ],
        "no_findings": false
    },
    "no_findings": false,
    "proxy_context": {
        "proxy_run_id": "019bab3b-ab13-7280-88f3-49b837f879fe",
        "proxy_address": "0xc120c7db0804ae3abeb1d5f9c9c70402347b4685",
        "implementation_run_id": "019bab3c-cabb-72fc-a916-554f86904ec9",
        "implementation_address": "0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c"
    },
    "schema_version": 1
}

Opcode Heuristics

tool.cast_disasm
Delegatecall
1
Selfdestruct
0
CREATE2
0
CALL-family (heavy)
0
EXT*/BALANCE
0
Total opcodes
24
Flags
delegatecall_present
View cast disassembly output
00000000: CALLDATASIZE
00000001: RETURNDATASIZE
00000002: RETURNDATASIZE
00000003: CALLDATACOPY
00000004: RETURNDATASIZE
00000005: RETURNDATASIZE
00000006: RETURNDATASIZE
00000007: CALLDATASIZE
00000008: RETURNDATASIZE
00000009: PUSH20 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c
0000001e: GAS
0000001f: DELEGATECALL
00000020: RETURNDATASIZE
00000021: DUP3
00000022: DUP1
00000023: RETURNDATACOPY
00000024: SWAP1
00000025: RETURNDATASIZE
00000026: SWAP2
00000027: PUSH1 0x2b
00000029: JUMPI
0000002a: REVERT
0000002b: JUMPDEST
0000002c: RETURN

Findings

validated = confirmed for call sinks; sink observed for others
Severity Category Tool Title Confidence Validated Confirmed Details
critical upgradeability detector Untrusted DELEGATECALL target reachable 70 yes yes
view
trace_id: 0xd04ab4a27dff00adf705cf3d5fd25fe0d18b4e3e5bd8e162aa6ca60daa223186
call_targets: 0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c, 0xe70cd9f4156c20fe2f0ba7e8e0af7621994b6948
target_varies: yes
classification: target_varies
validation_json
{
    "sink": "DELEGATECALL",
    "errors": 0,
    "status": "confirmed",
    "attempts": 1,
    "trace_id": "0xd04ab4a27dff00adf705cf3d5fd25fe0d18b4e3e5bd8e162aa6ca60daa223186",
    "confirmed": true,
    "trace_mode": "callTracer",
    "call_targets": [
        "0x3463c6572bf1ea4c719fc229bd0d4956b0585a2c",
        "0xe70cd9f4156c20fe2f0ba7e8e0af7621994b6948"
    ],
    "matched_probe": null,
    "target_varies": true,
    "classification": "target_varies"
}
witness_json
{
    "notes": "heuristic witness; entrypoints are best-effort selectors with zeroed calldata",
    "constraints": [],
    "entrypoints": [
        {
            "calldata": "0x",
            "selector": "fallback",
            "calldata_variants": [
                "0x"
            ]
        }
    ]
}
evidence_json
{
    "examples": [
        {
            "pc": 31,
            "opcode": "DELEGATECALL",
            "returndata_checked": null,
            "value_expression_category": "n/a",
            "target_expression_category": "computed"
        }
    ],
    "guards_detected": [],
    "delegatecall_count": 1,
    "untrusted_delegatecall_count": 1
}
medium upgradeability cast DELEGATECALL present 80 no
view
evidence_json
{
    "notes": "delegatecall enables execution in caller context; common in proxies/upgradeable patterns",
    "delegatecall_count": 1
}
low upgradeability codex Delegatecall to upgradeable implementation slot allows arbitrary logic execution if upgrade authority is compromised 65 no
view
evidence_json
{
    "evidence": "Runtime bytecode contains DELEGATECALLs to computed targets (pc 0x2256 and pc 0x2472), with the implementation slot constant 0x7050c9e0f4ca769c69bd3a8ef740bc37934f8e2c036e5a723fd8ee048ed3f8c3 loaded at pc 0x1fc5 (org.zeppelinos.proxy.implementation).",
    "locations": [
        "pc:0x2256",
        "pc:0x2472",
        "pc:0x1fc5"
    ],
    "recommendation": "Constrain upgrade authority to a multisig/timelock, monitor implementation slot changes, and consider removing upgradeability once the system is stable. If upgradeability must remain, ensure the implementation slot is not writable by untrusted logic and that upgrades are audited before execution.",
    "exploit_scenario": "An attacker who gains control of the upgrade authority (or can otherwise write to the implementation slot) can set the implementation to a malicious contract. Subsequent fallback calls will DELEGATECALL into attacker-controlled code, executing in the proxy\u2019s storage context and enabling full state manipulation."
}